
1. In Machiavelli's History of Florence, God
~ In Machiavelli's History of Florence, God is not mentioned as a motive force. In Renaissance civic humanism, the role of God is muted, and humans are responsible for creating human institutions.
@ In Machiavelli's History of Florence, God is not mentioned as a motive force. In Renaissance civic humanism, the role of God is muted, and humans are responsible for creating human institutions.
a. is the motive force.
*b. is not mentioned as a motive force.
c. aided the Guelphs.
d. created the Roman Empire in order to conquer and civilize the barbarians.

2. The motive force in the story
~ The motive force in the story is groups of people in passionate or emotionally-guided opposition to one another, or factionalism. The role of leaders/heroes is limited to representing or guiding factions.
@ The motive force in the story is groups of people in passionate or emotionally-guided opposition to one another, or factionalism. The role of leaders/heroes is limited to representing or guiding factions.
a. is God.
b. is the leaders of the opposing factions.
*c. is groups of people in passionate or emotionally-guided opposition to one another. 
d. is the Gonfalonier.

3. Civic humanism is:
~ Civic humanism can be defined as the linking of a moral public attitude to the civic framework of the state and its prosperity. 
@ Civic humanism can be defined as the linking of a moral public attitude to the civic framework of the state and its prosperity. 
a. a movement in literature emphasizing the importance of the individual.
b. the systematic study of human society and social behavior.
*c. the linking of a moral public attitude to the civic framework of the state and its prosperity.
d. a philosophical term placing value on human beings both individually and collectively.

4. Machiavelli would agree that _____ are the motive force for the actions of groups.
~ Machiavelli would agree that human emotions are the motive force for the actions of groups. Human emotions which happen to be an uncontrollable force.
@ Machiavelli would agree that human emotions are the motive force for the actions of groups. Human emotions which happen to be an uncontrollable force.
a. religious beliefs
b. economic gain
c. power
*d. human emotions

5. Readers should notice similarities between the sociological explanatory framework used by Ibn Khaldun and the explanatory framework used by Niccoló Machiavelli. Which of the following accurately expresses one similarity?
~ Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun focus on human social forces as agents of historical change. Just as salvation history was a historiographical model shared by Mediterranean cultures, so was civic humanism.  
@ Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun focus on human social forces as agents of historical change. Just as salvation history was a historiographical model shared by Mediterranean cultures, so was civic humanism.
*a. Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun focus on human social forces as agents of historical change.
b. Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun attributed no role to God in historical change.
c. Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun attributed dynastic change to loss of civic morality.
d. Both Machiavelli and Ibn Khaldun focus on economic factors as primary causes of historical change.

6. Machiavelli describes a prosperous state as one 
~ Machiavelli describes a prosperous state as one in which the government structure balances factional powers and restrains emotional resentments. When a balance of powers reduces the resentments of factionalism, peace is preserved.
@ Machiavelli describes a prosperous state as one in which the government structure balances factional powers and restrains emotional resentments. When a balance of powers reduces the resentments of factionalism, peace is preserved.
*a. in which the government structure balances factional powers and restrains emotional resentments.
b. in which religious worship is the most important virtue.
c. in which a "prince" or single strong ruler maintains civic order by repressing factionalism.
d. that has a strong moral character and devotion to the state above all else.
 
7. Which quotation from the text best illustrates Machiavelli's historiographical framework?
~ "The people, full of wrath, thinking themselves insulted by the Capitano and abandoned by Giano della Bella, instead of going to the Signory went to the palace of the Capitano, of which they made themselves masters, and plundered it." This passage illustrates how a faction ("the people" as opposed to "the nobility") is moved to action ("plunder") by their human passions ("wrath," feeling "insulted," feeling "abandoned").
@ "The people, full of wrath, thinking themselves insulted by the Capitano and abandoned by Giano della Bella, instead of going to the Signory went to the palace of the Capitano, of which they made themselves masters, and plundered it." This passage illustrates how a faction ("the people" as opposed to "the nobility") is moved to action ("plunder") by their human passions ("wrath," feeling "insulted," feeling "abandoned").
a. "for he who is without hope is also without fear"
b. "The nobility were drawn together in three places: near the church of St. John, in the New Market, and in the Piazza of the Mozzi, under three leaders, Forese Adimari, Vanni de Mozzi, and Geri Spini
*c. "The people, full of wrath, thinkingthemselves insulted by the Capitano and abandoned by Giano della Bella, instead of going to the Signory went to the palace of the Capitano, of which they made
themselves masters, and plundered it."
d. "Giano della Bella, of a very noble family...encouraged the heads of the Arts to reform the constitution of the city."

8. In Renaissance civic humanism,
~ In Renaissance civic humanism, God’s role in history is muted. The inhabitants of the new city states were not passive subjects but citizens who participated actively in their states. Citizens were autonomous, not pawns of divine intervention. Citizens created the social world. Citizens created history.
@ In Renaissance civic humanism, God’s role in history is muted. The inhabitants of the new city states were not passive subjects but citizens who participated actively in their states. Citizens were autonomous, not pawns of divine intervention. Citizens created the social world. Citizens created history.
a. authors began to question the resurrection of Christ and seek non-religious explanations for historical change.
*b. God's role in history is muted.
c. authors began to see society as organized into hierarchies.
d. authors began to abandon Latin as the predominant form of writing.

9. Much like Polybius or Tacitus, Machiavelli focuses his writing
~ Much like Polybius or Tacitus, Machiavelli focuses his writing on the state. Machiavelli here creates a "patriotic history."
@ Much like Polybius or Tacitus, Machiavelli focuses his writing on the state. Machiavelli here creates a "patriotic history."
a. on the natural collapse faced by all governments.
b. on the role of important institutions such as constitutions, the Senate, and political factions.
c. on the role that leaders/heroes play in historical change.
*d. on the state.

10. Niccoló Machiavelli was a _____ in the Florentine Republic, a city-state of Renaissance Italy.
~ Niccoló Machiavelli was a politician and diplomat for the Florentine Republic, a city-state of Renaissance Italy. This role gave him insight into the functioning of the state.
@ Niccoló Machiavelli was a politician and diplomat for the Florentine Republic, a city-state of Renaissance Italy. This role gave him insight into the functioning of the state.
a. general
*b. politician and diplomat
c. priest
d. romance writer