
1. Lorenzo Valla was a _____ living in Italy during the Renaissance.
~ Lorenzo Valla was a Catholic priest living in Italy during the Renaissance.
@ Lorenzo Valla was a Catholic priest living in Italy during the Renaissance.
a. painter
b. monk
*c. Catholic priest 
d. duke

2. Which of the following quotations from the text is an example of external text criticism?
~ "I pass by the stone tables of the Decalogue, which God gave to Moses. And this, Donation of Constantine, so magnificent and astounding, cannot be proved by any copies, in gold, in silver, in brass, in marble, or even in books, but only, if we believe it, on paper, or parchment."
@ "I pass by the stone tables of the Decalogue, which God gave to Moses. And this, Donation of Constantine, so magnificent and astounding, cannot be proved by any copies, in gold, in silver, in brass, in marble, or even in books, but only, if we believe it, on paper, or parchment."
*a. "I pass by the stone tables of the Decalogue, which God gave to Moses. And this, Donation of Constantine, so magnificent and astounding, cannot be proved by any copies, in gold, in silver, in brass, in marble, or even in books, but only, if we believe it, on paper, or parchment."
b. "...you say that within the first days, immediately the Senate, the nobles, the satraps...What! How do you want to have satraps come in here?"
c. "Valla then examines the language of the supposed donation document, as represented by the Church."
d. "O thou scoundrel, thou villain!"

3. Internal text criticism is 
~ Internal text criticism is analysis of the text for ideas, descriptions of objects, or expressions that are out of place in a historical time or culture to which the document is supposed to belong.
@ Internal text criticism is analysis of the text for ideas, descriptions of objects, or expressions that are out of place in a historical time or culture to which the document is supposed to belong. 
*a. analysis of the text for ideas, descriptions of objects, or expressions that are out of place in a historical time or culture to which the document is supposed to belong.
b. the idea that people in certain periods of time used words and formed sentences in characteristic ways and employed identifiable vocabularies.
c. an analysis of texts for historical accretions.
d. an analysis of the material condition of the document.

4. Valla's critique of the Donation of Constantine
~ Valla's critique of the Donation of Constantine challenged Church authority, illustrating secularizing trends in historiographical writing during the Renaissance.
@ Valla's critique of the Donation of Constantine challenged Church authority, illustrating secularizing trends in historiographical writing during the Renaissance.
a. was a forgery itself.
*b. challenged Church authority.
c. is the first example of any form of critique.
d. is a sacred Church document.

5. Which of the following was an example of an anachronism in the text?
~ The use of the Persian term "satraps" in a Roman decree. "Satraps" was a Persian title for provincial governor and was not in use during the Roman Empire, when grants of land would have borne the imprint "S.C." ("by decree of the Senate") or "S.P.Q.R" ("by decree of the People and Senate").
@ The use of the Persian term "satraps" in a Roman decree. "Satraps" was a Persian title for provincial governor and was not in use during the Roman Empire, when grants of land would have borne the imprint "S.C." ("by decree of the Senate") or "S.P.Q.R" ("by decree of the People and Senate").
a. The lack of any mention of Constantine's consent to the "donation."
b. Valla's condemnation of those behind the forgery.
*c. The use of the Persian term "satraps" in a Roman decree.
d. The material condition of the Donation of Constantine.

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Valla believes the Donation of Constantine is a forgery?
~ Ledgers that record the appointment of new Church governors were not forged. There was no record at all that the Church appointed new governors.
@ Ledgers that record the appointment of new Church governors were not forged. There was no record at all that the Church appointed new governors.
a. The story that explains the Donation (that Constantine made the Donation upon his conversion to Christianity because Sylvester cured him of leprosy) is false. Constantine was a Christian from boyhood.
b. There is no record of opposition to the Donation.
c. Coins from the period show that the territories supposedly given to the Church continued to be ruled by Constantine and his descendants.
*d. Ledgers that record the appointment of new Church governors for the territories were also forged.

7. An example of an anachronism would be
~ a cell phone that appears in a photograph that supposedly shows a Nazi officer.
@ a cell phone that appears in a photograph that supposedly shows a Nazi officer.
*a. a cell phone that appears in a photograph that supposedly shows a Nazi officer.
b. a letter supposedly written by Jesus Christ in which the writing was done with a Sharpie marker.
c. a text that is inserted in between pages of an earlier text so that it interrupts the narrative of the text in which it appears.
d. a segment of a text that was clearly added to another text later.

8. The Donation of Constantine was
~ The Donation of Constantine was a document supposedly giving the Pope of the Catholic Church authority over much of its territory.
@ The Donation of Constantine was a document supposedly giving the Pope of the Catholic Church over much of its territory. 
a. a document supposedly giving Constantine a divine right to rule over Rome.
b. a document supposedly giving the Roman legions over to the Catholic Church.
c. a document supposedly making Christianity the official religion of Rome.
*d. a document supposedly giving the Pope of the Catholic Church authority over much of its territory.

9. Which of the following quotations from the text shows how Valla used internal text criticism?
~ "I will not speak here of the barbarisms in [the forger’s] language when he says 'chief over the priests' instead of chief of the priests; when he puts in the same sentence 'extiterit' and 'existat.'"
@ ""I will not speak here of the barbarisms in [the forger’s] language when he says 'chief over the priests' instead of chief of the priests; when he puts in the same sentence 'extiterit' and 'existat.'"
a. "It is not the church, but the Pope, that fights against Christians...."
*b. "I will not speak here of the barbarisms in [the forger’s] language when he says 'chief over the priests' instead of chief of the priests; when he puts in the same sentence 'extiterit' and 'existat.'"
c. "Numbskull, blockhead!"
d. "I pass by the stone tables of the Decalogue, which God gave to Moses. And this, Donation of Constantine, so magnificent and astounding, cannot by proved by any copies, in gold, in silver, in brass, in marble, even in books, but only, if we believe it, on paper"

10. What does the following passage mean? "But you say, 'Why do not the Emperors, who were the sufferers from this forgery, deny the Donation of Constantine, instead of admitting it, confirming it and maintaining it?' A great argument! a marvelous defense!...'But what shall I do?' you will say. 'Shall I try to recover by force what the Pope has in his possession? But he, alas, has now become more powerful than I. Shall I seek to regain it by law? But my right is only such as he is willing for it to be. For I came to the throne, not through an inherited title, but by a compact that if I wish to be Emperor I should promise the Pope in turn such and such considerations. Shall I say that Constantine did not give away any of the Empire? ... Unless I obey I shall have to abdicate. If only he gives me the throne I will acknowledge everything, I will agree to everything...To question the right of the Pope is not my concern but that of the Emperor yonder at Constantinople.”
~ The passage means that the popes conferred legitimacy on the kings of Europe by confirming their rule, and that challenging the legitimacy of the Donation might cause them to lose the popes' support and thus their legitimacy as rulers.
@ The passage means that the popes conferred legitimacy on the kings of Europe by confirming their rule, and that challenging the legitimacy of the Donation might cause them to lose the popes' support and thus their legitimacy as rulers.
a. The passage means that only the Byzantine emperors had the power to challenge the Catholic Church hierarchy.
b. The passage is meant to convey what Valla imagines to be the reaction of his readers: that they could not possibly challenge the authority of the Church to claim the Donation.
*c. The passage means that the popes conferred legitimacy on the kings of Europe by confirming their rule, and that challenging the legitimacy of the Donation might cause them to lose the popes' support and thus their legitimacy as rulers.
d. The passage means that Valla thinks the kings of Europe should rebel against the authority of the Church by allying with the Byzantine emperors.