
1. The "unsocial sociability" of man refers to 
~ human need to socialize with others in order to feel part of something more than themselves combined with a desire to compete with and outperform others. This competitiveness compels humans to make progress.
@ human need to socialize with others in order to feel part of something more than themselves combined with a desire to compete with and outperform others. This competitiveness compels humans to make progress.
*a. human need to socialize with others in order to feel part of something more than themselves combined with a desire to compete with and outperform others.
b. Kant's understanding of Nature's ultimate goal.
c. a psychological term meaning someone who experiences both extroversion and introversion.
d. humanity's natural tendency to want both peace and warfare.

2. The motive force in Kant's conception of historical development is
~ The motive force in Kant's conception of historical development is Nature.
@ The motive force in Kant's conception of historical development is Nature.
a. people's devotion to the state.
b. human emotions.
c. God.
*d. Nature.

3. What pattern does Kant ascribe to historical development?
~ Kant ascribes a teleological pattern to historical development, in particular in his Eighth and Ninth Theses. Kant sees humanity progressing towards a universal world government. 
@ Kant ascribes a teleological pattern to historical development, in particular in his Eighth and Ninth Theses. Kant sees humanity progressing towards a universal world government. 
a. a cyclical pattern.
*b. a teleological pattern.
c. Salvation History.
d. Realism.

4. In tune with Enlightenment thought, Kant's work
~ In tune with Enlightenment thought, Kant's work states that humanity is progressing. The Enlightenment era was very optimistic in the future of humanity, The Doctrine of Progress.
@ In tune with Enlightenment thought, Kant's work states that humanity is progressing. The Enlightenment era was very optimistic in the future of humanity, The Doctrine of Progress.
a. places God as the motive force behind historical change.
b. seeks to challenge Church authority.
*c. states that humanity is progressing.
d. questions the legitimacy of a monarchy.

5. Idealism can be defined as
~ Idealism can be defined as any conception of the world in which reality as we perceive it is dependent on the mind.
@ Idealism can be defined as any conception of the world in which reality as we perceive it is dependent on the mind.
a. a thing as it is in itself, as distinct from a thing as known via the senses.
b. a conception of the world in which reality exists independently of our perception of it.
*c. any conception of the world in which reality as we perceive it is dependent on the mind.
d. the philosophy of a person who is guided by ideals rather than practical considerations.

6. Realism can be defined as 
~ Realism can be defined as a conception of the world in which reality exists independent of our perception of it.
@ Realism can be defined as a conception of the world in which reality exists independent of our perception of it.
*a. a conception of the world in which reality exists independent of our perception of it.
b. the philosophy of a person who is guided by practical considerations rather than ideals.
c. any conception of the world in which reality as we perceive it is dependent on the mind.
d. a thing as it is in itself, as distinct from a thing as known via the senses.

7. "Let him begin it as he will, it is not to be seen how he can procure a magistracy which can maintain public justice and which is itself just, whether it be a single person or a group of several elected persons." This quotation from the text implies that
~ This quotation from the text implies that it would be difficult to produce a form of leadership or government that will abide by its own rules. Governments are composed of individuals who are themselves tempted to exercise their freedoms beyond what law permits.
@ This quotation from the text implies that it would be difficult to produce a form of leadership or government that will abide by its own rules. Governments are composed of individuals who are themselves tempted to exercise their freedoms beyond what law permits.
a. the best kind of government would be one based on God's rules.
b. that the authority of kings is invalid.
c. it is impossible to ever achieve a universal form of government.
*d. that it would be difficult to produce a form of leadership or government that will abide by its own rules.

8. Which of the following quotations would support the argument that Kant's vision of history was teleological?
~ "This gives hope finally that after many reformative revolutions, a universal cosmopolitan condition, which Nature has as her ultimate purpose, will come into being as the womb wherein all the original capacities of the human race can develop."
@ "This gives hope finally that after many reformative revolutions, a universal cosmopolitan condition, which Nature has as her ultimate purpose, will come into being as the womb wherein all the original capacities of the human race can develop."
a. "...from such crooked wood as man is made of, nothing perfectly straight can be built."
*b. "This gives hope finally that after many reformative revolutions, a universal cosmopolitan condition, which Nature has as her ultimate purpose, will come into being as the womb wherein all the original capacities of the human race can develop."
c. "...one may assume that Nature, even in the play of human freedom, works not without plan or purpose."
d. "To a high degree we are, through art and science, cultured."

9. Which of the following classic Enlightenment dilemmas does this selection from Kant propose to solve?
~ Kant proposes to maximize individual freedom and the collective good of society by creating a universal government that will provide the "master" that individuals and nations need to establish law to limit their transgressions, so that all can flourish equally under the same law. This is the same dilemma that Adam Smith attempted to resolve by describing the "invisible hand," which leads individuals acting in their own economic self interests to maximize the wealth of society as a whole.
@ Kant proposes to maximize individual freedom and the collective good of society by creating a universal government that will provide the "master" that individuals and nations need to establish law to limit their transgressions, so that all can flourish equally under the same law. This is the same dilemma that Adam Smith attempted to resolve by describing the "invisible hand," which leads individuals acting in their own economic self interests to maximize the wealth of society as a whole.
a. How to create a government in which sovereignty rests with the people rather than divine right.
b. How to build social institutions from principles based on reason rather than religion.
*c. How to maximize both individual freedom and the collective good of society.
d. How to create a state in which no single authority can obtain dictatorial power.

10. Which of the following modern-day institutions is an example of what Kant proposes in his Seventh Thesis?
~ The United Nations. Kant proposes a "league of nations," an "international government for which there is no precedent in world history" that will provide law for all while curbing the attempts of single nations to disturb the peace.
@ The United Nations. Kant proposes a "league of nations," an "international government for which there is no precedent in world history" that will provide law for all while curbing the attempts of single nations to disturb the peace.
a. Checks and balances the U.S. branches of government have over each other.
b. The U.S. Constitution.
c. The British Commonwealth.
*d. The United Nations.