
1. When Gramsci refers to the "dominant fundamental group," he means
~ When Gramsci refers to the "dominant fundamental group" he means the dominant social class.
@ When Gramsci refers to the "dominant fundamental group" he means the dominant social class.
a. intellectuals classified as "humble administrators and divulgators of preexisting traditional accumulated intellectual wealth."
b. the proletariat.
c. members of "civil society."
*d. the dominant social class.

2. According to Gramsci, subaltern Intellectuals do not articulate the values of their own class, but rather articulate those of the _____, which are in turn ideological reflections of the _____.
~ According to Gramsci, subaltern Intellectuals do not articulate the values of their own class, but rather articulate the values of the dominant class, which are in turn ideological reflections of the economic substructure.
@ According to Gramsci, subaltern Intellectuals do not articulate the values of their own class, but rather articulate the values of the dominant class, which are in turn ideological reflections of the economic substructure.
*a. dominant class, economic substructure 
b. subaltern, desires of the dominant class
c. dominant class, economic superstructure
d. dominant class, desires of the proletariat

3. "...These two levels correspond on the one hand to the function of "hegemony" which the dominant group exercises throughout society and on the other hand to that of 'direct domination' or command exercised through the State...." In this quotation, "hegemony" refers to 
~ In this quotation "hegemony" refers to a group or class dominating the social production of values and ideas, thereby establishing cultural domination of a society.
@ In this quotation "hegemony" refers to a group or class dominating the social production of values and ideas, thereby establishing cultural domination of a society.
*a. a group or class dominating the social production of values and ideas.
b. a group or class that carries out the political and cultural directives of the State.
c. the acceptance of the ideology and wants of the dominant class in hopes to someday attain their status.
d. the fundamental substructure of society.

4. "The country which is best equipped in the construction of instruments for experimental scientific laboratories and in the construction of instruments with which to test the first instruments, can be regarded as the most complex in the technical-industrial field, with the highest level of civilization, etc. The same applies to the preparation of intellectuals and to the schools dedicated to this preparation; schools and institutes of high culture can be assimilated to each other." Why can schools and institutes of high culture be assimilated to each other?
~ Schools and their particular specializations represent the wants of the particular dominant culture; so do institutes of high culture.
@ Schools and their particular specializations represent the wants of the particular dominant culture; so do institutes of high culture.
a. This is due to the substructure of a given society being influenced by changes in the superstructure of society.
b. Schools go against the desires of the dominant class of society.
*c. Schools and their particular specializations represent the wants of the particular dominant culture; so do institutes of high culture.
d. School is a place where culture is taught, so school and high culture are the same thing.

5. Theorists such as Gramsci
~ Theorists such as Gramsci helped expand upon the ideas of Karl Marx by exploring the relationship between the superstructure and substructure, in this case how class ideologies tend to reflect the social values of the dominant class. Twentieth century historians often were influenced by Marxism in some way, even if they rejected dialectical materialism.
@ Theorists such as Gramsci helped expand upon the ideas of Karl Marx by exploring the relationship between the superstructure and substructure, in this case how class ideologies tend to reflect the social values of the dominant class. Twentieth century historians often were influenced by Marxism in some way, even if they rejected dialectical materialism.
a. denied the importance of the substructure's influence of the superstructure of society.
b. denied historical materialism.
*c. helped expand upon the ideas of Karl Marx by exploring the relationship between the superstructure and substructure.
d. advocated for a Rankian approach to historiography.

6. Which of the following provides the best example of "spontaneous consent"?
~ You are a huge fan of LeBron James. LeBron posts on social media about how a new sports drink really helps his performance. You start buying the sports drink. You notice your friends drinking it too. 
@ You are a huge fan of LeBron James. LeBron posts on social media about how a new sports drink really helps his performance. You start buying the sports drink. You notice your friends drinking it too.
a. You run a red light, get caught, and have to go to court. You attend court willingly, acknowledge your mistake, and pay the fine.
b. You attend a protest. The police show up and order you to disperse. The crowd at the protest breaks up and returns home peacefully.
c. You attend a public school. Your history class teaches that Columbus brought prosperity to the Caribbean islands. You believe this teaching.
*d. You are a huge fan of LeBron James. LeBron posts on social media about how a new sports drink really helps his performance. You start buying the sports drink. You notice your friends drinking it too.

7. Which of the following best represents an "organ" of "civil society"?
~ Political parties are organs of civil society because they represent the private interests of individuals UNLESS they are state-controlled or state-mandated parties (such as the Communist Party in the Soviet Union). Response (a) did not specify that the political parties were state-mandated, so (a) is the best response. The other responses are organs of state society.
@ Political parties are organs of civil society because they represent the private interests of individuals UNLESS they are state-controlled or state-mandated parties (such as the Communist Party in the Soviet Union). Response (a) did not specify that the political parties were state-mandated, so (a) is the best response. The other responses are organs of state society.
*a. political parties.
b. the police.
c. the public school system.
d. state-run media.

8. Gramsci believes that non-intellectuals
~ Gramsci believes that non-intellectuals do not exist.
@ Gramsci believes that non-intellectuals do not exist.
a. express ideas that reflect the desires of the forces of production.
b. are rare within the dominant class.
c. are holding the proletariat back from overtaking the bourgeoisie.
*d. do not exist.

9. "The problem of creating a new stratum of intellectuals consists therefore in the critical elaboration of the intellectual activity that exists in everyone at a certain degree of development, modifying its relationship with the muscular-nervous effort towards a new equilibrium, and ensuring that the muscular-nervous effort itself, in so far as it is an element of a general practical activity, which is perpetually innovating the physical and social world, becomes the foundation of a new and integral conception of the world." "Muscular-nervous effort" in this quotation refers to 
~ "Muscular-nervous effort" in this quotation refers to labor, or in Marxist terminology, the "forces of production."
@ "Muscular-nervous effort" in this quotation refers to labor, or in Marxist terminology, the "forces of production."
a. the dominant class.
*b. labor.
c. the ideology of a particular society.
d. the proletariat.

10. "Spontaneous consent" refers to
~ "Spontaneous consent" refers to the subordinate classes' acceptance of dominant class culture and desires. This acceptance occurs because members of the subordinate class aspire to join the dominant class.
@ "Spontaneous consent" refers to the subordinate classes' acceptance of dominant class culture and desires. This acceptance occurs because members of the subordinate class apsire to join the dominant class.
a. the dominant class's acceptance of subordinate class culture and desires.
b. the dominant class's reflection of the substructure.
*c. the subordinate classes' acceptance of dominant class culture and desires.
d. the discipline forced on groups who do not accept the dominant class's culture and desires.