
1. Braudel was once quoted as saying that events were "surface disturbances, crests of foam that the tides of history carry...."  This historiographical position
~ Braudel's historiographical position shows the effects of historical materialism, in which events are less important than understanding the deep structures beneath.
@ Braudel's historiographical position shows the effects of historical materialism, in which events are less important than understanding the deep structures beneath.
*a. shows the effects of historical materialism, in which events are less important than understanding the deep structures beneath.
b. contradicts the traditional methods of Annales-school historians, which sought a "total" understanding of history through analyzing key political events.
c. is seen throughout the text, where not a single event is mentioned.
d. agrees with the methods of other Annales-school historians, in which all analyses begin with understanding the economic climate in which events occur.

2. _____ refers to historical changes that occur at a rapid pace, such as episodes of politics.
~ Historie événemmentielle refers to historical changes that occur at a rapid pace, such as episodes of politics.
@ Historie événemmentielle refers to historical changes that occur at a rapid pace, such as episodes of politics.
*a. Historie événemmentielle
b. Longue durée
c. La vie quotidienne
d. Lentement rythmés

3. Based on your understanding of Annales-school historians, which of the following chapter headings would never be found in the text provided?
~ "Art in the Mediterranean and its Relation to Culture": The work has no focus on art or architecture, nor, due to the time during which it was written, on gender or sexuality.
@ "Art in the Mediterranean and its Relation to Culture": The work has no focus on art or architecture, nor, due to the time during which it was written, on gender or sexuality.
*a. "Art in the Mediterranean and its Relation to Culture"
b. "For Letter-Writers: What is lost in coming and going"
c. "The Ocean's Destiny in the Sixteenth Century"
d. "Agriculture, the Major Industry"

4. A historian could make use of Braudel's work
~ A historian could make use of Braudel's work as a reference guide to the sixteenth-century Mediterranean.
@ A historian could make use of Braudel's work as a reference guide to the sixteenth-century Mediterranean.
a. to learn about the role of gender in the Mediterranean.
b. to understand the motive forces of history.
*c. as a reference guide to the sixteenth-century Mediterranean.
d. to get a brief description of Mediterranean wildlife.

5. Which of the following chapter headings from the text is most likely describing events that are longue durée (long duration)?
~ "Has the Climate Changed Since the Sixteenth Century?" Longue durée (long duration) involves long-term, slow changes in things such as geology, climate, vegetation, and sea levels.
@ "Has the Climate Changed Since the Sixteenth Century?" Longue durée (long duration) involves long-term, slow changes in things such as geology, climate, vegetation, and sea levels.
a. "The 'Verlag system' [putting-out] and the rise of urban industry"
*b. "Has the Climate Changed Since the Sixteenth Century?"
c. "After 1589: Revolts in North Africa and Islam"
d. "The Origin of Empires Turkish greatness: from Asia Minor to the Balkans"

6. Look at the number of pages devoted to each topic. One likely critique of Braudel is that
~ One likely critique of Braudel is that the vast breadth of information presented leads to superficial analysis and difficulty in absorbing that information meaningfully. 
@ One likely critique of Braudel is that the vast breadth of information presented leads to superficial analysis and difficulty in absorbing that information meaningfully.
a. he neglected to describe events such as battles and their effects.
b. he did not pay sufficient attention to the economic factors affecting the sixteenth-century Mediterranean.
c. "total history" does not work as a method for understanding history.
*d. the vast breadth of information presented leads to superficial analysis and difficulty in absorbing that information meaningfully.

7. Based on your reading of this selection, which of the following statements about the role of individuals in history did Braudel make? 
~ Braudel said that "men do not make history; rather, it is history - above all - that makes men and thereby absolves them of blame." Environments (climatic, economic, geological) create circumstances that condition, limit, and enable human actions.
@ Braudel said that "men do not make history; rather, it is history - above all - that makes men and thereby absolves them of blame." Environments (climatic, economic, geological) create circumstances that condition, limit, and enable human actions.
*a. "Men do not make history; rather, it is history -- above all -- that makes men and thereby absolves them of blame."
b. "...the history of what man has accomplished in this world...is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here.”
c. "...individual idiosyncrasies throw wild cards into the course of history. They may make history inexplicable in terms of environmental forces, or indeed of any generalizable causes."
d. "To the maxim 'Great Men make history' we must also add 'Great Women.'"

8. Why would an Annales-school historian be interested in the number of brigand attacks described in an annal over a certain time period?
~ An Annales-school history would be searching for details about social life, such as crime or hindrances to transportation, embedded in sources such as annals.
@ An Annales-school history would be searching for details about social life, such as crime or hindrances to transportation, embedded in sources such as annals.
a. Crime plays a key role in an Annales-school historian's conception of total history.
b. An Annales-school historian would want to have as "total" an understanding of the key events in history such as brigand attacks.
c. An abundance of brigands would give credence to the belief that politics play the most important role in history: too many brigands could be evidence that the state's power was declining.
*d. An Annales-school history would be searching for details about social life, such as crime or hindrances to transportation, embedded in sources such as annals.

9. "Mentalité" 
~ "Mentalité" refers to the collective mental and psychological structure of a group at a given period which prescribed the range of possible ways within which individuals thought, felt, and acted. This provides continuity to history according to Braudel.
@ "Mentalité" refers to the collective mental and psychological structure of a group at a given period which prescribed the range of possible ways within which individuals thought, felt, and acted. This provides continuity to history according to Braudel.
a. is part of histoire événemmentielle and refers to the patterns of daily life in ordinary people.
b. refers to events that occur at a rapid pace, typically in a cyclical pattern.
*c. refers to the collective mental and psychological structure of a group at a given period which prescribed the range of possible ways within which individuals thought, felt, and acted.
d. hearkens back to Hegelian thought, in which the State embodies a perfect reflection of the consciousness of individuals and their wills.

10. _____ refers to changes that occur somewhat frequently, usually in a cyclical pattern. These changes include economics, demographic movements, ideologies, and certain social structures.
~ Lentement rythmés refers to changes that occur somewhat frequently, usually in a cyclical pattern. These changes include economics, demographic movements, ideologies, and certain social structures.
@ Lentement rythmés refers to changes that occur somewhat frequently, usually in a cyclical pattern. These changes include economics, demographic movements, ideologies, and certain social structures.
*a. Lentement rythmés
b. Historie événemmentielle
c. Longue durée
d. La vie quotidienne

