
1. According to Benedict Anderson, what author initially helped expand the vernacular print market?
~ According to Benedict Anderson, Martin Luther initially helped expand the vernacular print market when he printed his "Ninety-Five Theses" in 1517.
@ According to Benedict Anderson, Martin Luther initially helped expand the vernacular print market when he printed his "Ninety-Five Theses" in 1517.
a. Johannes Gutenberg
*b. Martin Luther 
c. Anglo-Saxons
d. John Calvin

2. "No nation imagines itself coterminous with mankind. The most messianic nationalists do not dream of a day when all the members of the human race will join their nation in the way it was possible, in certain epochs, for Christians to dream of a whole Christian planet." This quotation from Anderson's text illustrates his argument that nations are ________. 
~ This quotation from Anderson's text illustrates his argument that nations are "limited." 
@ This quotation from Anderson's text illustrates his argument that nations are "limited." 
a. "imagined"
b. "sovereign"
*c. "limited"
d. "community"

3. Which of the following does not represet one of the ways in which print-languages aided in creating a national consciousess?
~ Print-languages created fields of exchange more accessible than Latin and more broadly-understood than regional spoken vernaculars (so people of a region started to identify with others who also understood that language, especially in newsprint). Print-languages were also those more assimilable to print than other spoken vernaculars--so they yielded a kind of power different from the old administrative languages. Print-languages also did not change over time as spoken languages do, which gives the impression that they are ancient. Print-languages do not create booksellers. 
@ Print-languages created fields of exchange more accessible than Latin and more broadly-understood than regional spoken vernaculars (so people of a region started to identify with others who also understood that language, especially in newsprint). Print-languages were also those more assimilable to print than other spoken vernaculars--so they yielded a kind of power different from the old administrative languages. Print-languages also did not change over time as spoken languages do, which gives the impression that they are ancient. Print-languages do not create booksellers. 
*a. Print-languages first gave rise to book publishers who naturally competed amongst themselves for a greater share of wealth.
b. Print-languages created unified fields of exchange and communication below Latin and above the spoken vernaculars.
c. Print-languages created "languages of power" of a kind different from the older administrative vernaculars.
d. Print-languages lent a new fixity to language.

4. Anderson explains that the emergence of Nationalism resulted from a convergence of capitalism, print-as-commodity, and _____.
~ Anderson explains that the emergence of Nationalism resulted from a convergence of capitalism, print-as-commodity, and the fatality of human linguistic diversity.
@ Anderson explains that the emergence of Nationalism resulted from a convergence of capitalism, print-as-commodity, and the fatality of human linguistic diversity.
*a. the fatality of human linguistic diversity
b. Enlightenment thought
c. the diverse vernaculars within select regions
d. Protestantism

5. Why did print-capitalism create "languages of power" of a kind different from the older administrative vernaculars?
~ Print-capitalism created "languages of power" of a kind different from the older administrative vernaculars because certain dialects were more easily rendered in moveable type than others. Dialects that were harder to print fell out of use. The favored dialects were not merely used by governments but also came to dominate print communications.
@ Print-capitalism created "languages of power" of a kind different from the older administrative vernaculars because certain dialects were more easily rendered in moveable type than others. Dialects that were harder to print fell out of use. The favored dialects were not merely used by governments but also came to dominate print communications.
a. Print-capitalism created "imagined communities," which naturally led to the rise of bourgeois book publishing companies.
b. Print-capitalism created communications that could be understood by multiple idiolects in a particular region.
c. Print-capitalism created venues for the spread of Protestant ideas.
*d. Print-capitalism favored dialects that were more easily rendered in moveable type than others, so the favored dialects were not merely used by governments but also came to dominate print communications.

6. Which of the following quotations from Anderson's _Imagined Communities_ relates to nations being "imagined"?
~ "Nationalism is not the awakening of nations to self-consciousness: it invents nations where they do not exist."
@ "Nationalism is not the awakening of nations to self-consciousness: it invents nations where they do not exist."
a. "Regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.
b. "The concept [of the nation] was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely ordained, hierarchical dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions."
c. "...[nations] even the largest of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries beyond which lie other Nations. 
*d. "Nationalism is not the awakening of nations to self-consciousness: it invents nations where they do not exist."

7. Which statement best represents the connection between print-capitalism and the development of nationalism?
~ Print-capitalism spread printed materials in vernacular languages, using the forms of regional languages that could be read by the most people, and as people read those printed materials they came to identify with the other readers in a vast, horizontal network.
@ Print-capitalism spread printed materials in vernacular languages, using the forms of regional languages that could be read by the most people, and as people read those printed materials they came to identify with the other readers in a vast, horizontal network.
a. After the elite Latin market was saturated, booksellers began selling vernacular books, which led people to identify with those languages.
b. Print-capitalism led to rising incomes, and once a sizeable number of laborers acquired disposable income they began to have pride in their regions and regional identities.
*c. Print-capitalism spread printed materials in vernacular languages, using the forms of regional languages that could be read by the most people, and as people read those printed materials they came to identify with the other readers in a vast, horizontal network.
d. After the invention of the printing press, Protestant ideas spread, destroying the unity of the Holy Roman Empire.

8. "Cultural materialists" such as Benedict Anderson
~ "Cultural materialists" such as Benedict Anderson seek to understand aspects of human culture by examining their connections to the material conditions of existence. Such as E. P. Thompson's study of how widespread acceptance of clock-time connected to the advent of factory labor.
@ "Cultural materialists" such as Benedict Anderson seek to understand aspects of human culture by examining their connections to the material conditions of existence. Such as E. P. Thompson's study of how widespread acceptance of clock-time connected to the advent of factory labor.
a. believe that phenomena move or evolve toward a goal or ideal.
b. rebel against the idea that study of language and culture can reveal essential codes of human behavior.
*c. seek to understand aspects of human culture by examining their connections to the material conditions of existence.
d. seek to discover the fundamental common structures that underlie all the elements of human culture by examining the interrelations between the phenomena of human life.

9. Why did the universality and religious authority of Latin never produce a true political analogue in mediæval Western Europe?
~ The political fragmentation after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire meant no sovereign could monopolize Latin and claim it as language-of-state. No sovereigns could claim Latin as their own; however, they could claim their region's unique vernacular.
@ The political fragmentation after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire meant no sovereign could monopolize Latin and claim it as language-of-state. No sovereigns could claim Latin as their own; however, they could claim their region's unique vernacular.
a. Latin was not understood by the common laborer.
*b. The political fragmentation after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire meant no sovereign could monopolize Latin and claim it as language-of-state. No sovereigns could claim Latin as their own; however, they could claim their region's unique vernacular.
c. In 325, the pope ruled that Latin could only be used in written form for ecclesiastical texts.
d. Latin was the choice of writing preferred by counter-reformationists.

10. In today's world, "imagined communities" may be created by
~ In today's world, "imagined communities" may be created by social media.
@ In today's world, "imagined communities" may be created by social media.
a. occupational groups.
b. kin groups.
c. regional affiliations.
*d. social media.