
1. According to Said, the Orient
~ According to Said, the Orient has no existence outside the Orientalist. The Orient is a construct the concept of which has differed at different times in history.
@ According to Said, the Orient has no existence outside the Orientalist. The Orient is a construct the concept of which has differed at different times in history.
a. is any pre-Newtonian country.
b. is not a fan of Occidental rule.
*c. has no existence outside the Orientalist.
d. has never been properly represented in the academic world.

2. What linguistic concept is Said referring to in the following quotation? "...that is, he shows that there are two styles in foreign policy (the prophetic and the political), two types of technique, two periods, and so forth.
~ Said is referring to the linguistic concept of binary opposition. He spends a good bit of the text showing how Orientalism creates a binary opposition between the East and the West.
@ Said is referring to the linguistic concept of binary opposition. He spends a good bit of the text showing how Orientalism creates a binary opposition between the East and the West.
a. semiotics
b. dominant privilege
*c. binary opposition
d. discursive formation

3. Said's work suggests
~ Said's work suggests that historians cannot escape operating within the paradigm of Orientalism.
@ Said's work suggests that historians cannot escape operating within the paradigm of Orientalism.
*a. that historians cannot escape operating within the paradigm of Orientalism.
b. that historians can overcome the paradigm of Orientalism and learn to better understand the East.
c. that Orientalism does not in any way limit the understanding historians have of the East.
d. that Orientalism was used as a way for the East to dominate over the West.

4. What does Said mean when he states that "British knowledge of Egypt is Egypt for Balfour?"
~ Balfour understands Egypt through a veil of British culture and understanding. Balfour can never truly understand Egypt except through his veil of understanding. The idea that we translate foreign concepts into our own frames of reference originated with Dilthey but is revived by post-structuralists.
@ Balfour understands Egypt through a veil of British culture and understanding. Balfour can never truly understand Egypt except through his veil of understanding. The idea that we translate foreign concepts into our own frames of reference originated with Dilthey but is revived by post-structuralists.
a. Said is referring to Leopold von Ranke's idea that we must translate foreign concepts into our own frames of reference.
b. Egypt is Balfour's most personal interest.
c. Britain has spent a lot of time studying Egypt, which allows British administrators a proper understanding of its culture.
*d. Balfour interprets Egypt through a veil of British culture and understanding.

5. The persistence of basic aspects of the Orientalist paradigm can be seen
~ The persistence of basic aspects of the Orientalist paradigm can be seen in the American view of the Middle East following World War Two: Arabs were bad, and although oil-rich, they needed American help to develop proper economies and democratic governments.
@ The persistence of basic aspects of the Orientalist paradigm can be seen in the American view of the Middle East following World War Two: Arabs were bad, and although oil-rich, they needed American help to develop proper economies and democratic governments.
a. the uneasy relationship between Turkey and the U.S. in the 2010s.
*b. in the American view of the Middle East following World War Two.
c. in the words of Arthur James Balfour before the House of Commons.
d. in civil society but not political society.

6. In which of the following quotations does Said use Foucault's ideas?
~ "Once again, knowledge of subject races or Orientals is what makes their management easy and profitable; knowledge gives power, more power requires more knowledge, and so on in an increasingly profitable dialectic of information and control."
@ "Once again, knowledge of subject races or Orientals is what makes their management easy and profitable; knowledge gives power, more power requires more knowledge, and so on in an increasingly profitable dialectic of information and control."
*a. "Once again, knowledge of subject races or Orientals is what makes their management easy and profitable; knowledge gives power, more power requires more knowledge, and so on in an increasingly profitable dialectic of information and control."
b. "Culture, of course, is to be found operating within civil society, where the influence of ideas, of institutions, and of other persons works not through domination but by what Gramsci calls consent."
c. "To say simply that Orientalism was a rationalization of colonial rule is to ignore the extent to which colonial rule was justified in advance by Orientalism, rather than after the fact."
d. "It is hegemony, or rather the result of cultural hegemony at work, that gives Orientalism the durability and the strength I have been speaking about so far."

7. According to Said, Orientalism tends to paint the East as _____ and the West as _____.
~ According to Said, Orientalism tends to paint the East as negative and the West as positive. Orientalist belief in European superiority justifies Orientalist attempts to control or reform Orientals.
@ According to Said, Orientalism tends to paint the East as negative and the West as positive. Orientalist belief in European superiority justifies Orientalist attempts to control or reform Orientals.
a. despotic, democratic
b. morally good, morally bad
*c. negative, positive
d. subject races, tyrannical

8. Said's critique of the metanarrative of Orientalism indicates he is philosophically indebted to
~ Said's critique of the metanarrative of Orientalism indicates he is philosophically indebted to post-modernism. Jean-François Lyotard once defined post-modernism as "incredulity towards metanarratives."
@ Said's critique of the metanarrative of Orientalism indicates he is philosophically indebted to post-modernism. Jean-François Lyotard once defined post-modernism as "incredulity towards metanarratives."
a. structuralism.
b. modernism.
c. post-structuralism.
*d. post-modernism.

9. Said defines Orientalism as all of the following EXCEPT:
~ Said DOES NOT define Orientalism an objective understanding of the East that promotes difference between the familiar and the strange, us and them. While it is true that Orientalism did promote a vision of reality that promoted a difference between the familiar and strange, Said most emphatically did not claim it to be an objective understanding.
@ Said DOES NOT define Orientalism an objective understanding of the East that promotes difference between the familiar and the strange, us and them. While it is true that Orientalism did promote a vision of reality that promoted a difference between the familiar and strange, Said most emphatically did not claim it to be an objective understanding.
a. a way of coming to terms with the Orient expressed as a mode of discourse.
b. a western style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient.
c. a set of constraints upon and limitations of thought.
*d. an objective understanding of the East that promotes difference between the familiar and the strange, us and them.

10. Generically, "the Orient" can be understood to mean 
~ While Said writes here about "the Orient" as "the East," primarily the Middle East, generically, "the Orient" can be understood to mean any group of people defined as opposites of the dominant powers in society. Just as European ideas of the Orient reinforced the "concept of Europe," white American ideas about African-Americans reinforced the concept of America as white. 19th-century male ideas about women reinforced the idea of proper society as male-dominated, and so on. One can analyze the objectified group as "the Orient" of the other.
@ While Said writes here about "the Orient" as "the East," primarily the Middle East, generically, "the Orient" can be understood to mean any group of people defined as opposites of the dominant powers in society. Just as European ideas of the Orient reinforced the "concept of Europe," white American ideas about African-Americans reinforced the concept of America as white. 19th-century male ideas about women reinforced the idea of proper society as male-dominated, and so on. One can analyze the objectified group as "the Orient" of the other.
a. the West.
*b. any group of people defined as opposites of the dominant powers in society.
c. the Middle East.
d. Asia.