
1. Howard Zinn claims to give voice to the _____ by directly quoting them.
~ Howard Zinn claims to give voice to the subaltern by telling the story of U.S. history from the perspective of marginalized voices and, as often as possible, letting those voices speak through quotation or excerpts of the original words.
@ Howard Zinn claims to give voice to the subaltern by telling the story of U.S. history from the perspective of marginalized voices and, as often as possible, letting those voices speak through quotation or excerpts of the original words.
*a. subaltern.
b. middle class.
c. dominant fundamental group.
d. the Victorian era.

2. Zinn calls his historiographical style "People's History." This historiographical style can be defined as
~ Zinn calls his historiographical style "People's History." This historiographical style can be defined as one that focuses on the masses or action by small-group, small-time actors as the motive forces of historical change.
@ Zinn calls his historiographical style "People's History." This historiographical style can be defined as one that focuses on the masses or action by small-group, small-time actors as the motive forces of historical change.
a. quantitative: it relies primarily on economic data as its source and statistics as its analytical method.
b. "historie événemmentielle" or event-oriented history.
*c. one that focuses on the masses or action by small-group, small-time actors as the motive forces of historical change.
d. one that attempts to understand aspects of human culture by examining its connections to the material world.

3. According to Zinn, the conventional narrative of American history served the needs of _______, which shows how _______ influenced his perspective.
~ According to Zinn, the conventional narrative of American history served the needs of the dominant class, which shows how Marx influenced his perspective. 
@ According to Zinn, the conventional narrative of American history served the needs of the dominant class, which shows how Marx influenced his perspective.
a. the working class; Marx.
b. the marginalized; Spivak.
*c. the dominant class; Marx.
d. the colonizers; Bhabha.

4. "To omit or to minimize these voices of resistance is to create the idea that power only rests with those who have the guns, who possess the wealth, who own the newspapers and the television stations. I want to point out that people who seem to have no power, whether working people, people of color, or women--once they organize and protest and create movements--have a voice no government can suppress." Judging from this quotation it can be hypothesized that Zinn is writing history from a _____ perspective.
~ Judging from this quotation it can be hypothesized that Zinn is writing history from a new left perspective; at its heart Zinn's work is activist history.
@ Judging from this quotation it can be hypothesized that Zinn is writing history from a new left perspective; at its heart Zinn's work is activist history.
a. post-modernist
*b. New Left (activist) 
c. teleological
d. modernist

5. The influence of post-modern and post-structuralist thinkers on Zinn can be seen in his skeptical attitude toward
~ The influence of post-modern and post-structuralist thinkers on Zinn can be seen in his skeptical attitude toward historical objectivity and metanarratives.
@ The influence of post-modern and post-structuralist thinkers on Zinn can be seen in his skeptical attitude toward historical objectivity and metanarratives.
a. Gayatri Spivak's conclusion that the subaltern cannot be heard.
b. grassroots history.
c. the desires of the federal government.
*d. historical objectivity and metanarratives.

6. "People's History" contrasts perfectly with
~ "People's History" contrasts perfectly with the Great Man theory of Thomas Carlyle.
@ "People's History" contrasts perfectly with the Great Man theory of Thomas Carlyle.
*a. the Great Man theory of Thomas Carlyle.
b. Joan Wallach Scott's conclusions on gender.
c. the invented traditions suggested by Eric Hobsbawm.
d. the work of post-structuralists such as Jacques Derrida.

7. "I knew that a historian (or a journalist, or anyone telling a story) was forced to choose, from an infinite number of facts, what to present, what to omit. And that decision inevitably would reflect, whether consciously or not, the interests of the historian." This quotation from Howard Zinn's _Voices of a People's History_ best reflects the work of which of these theorists?
~ This quotation best reflects the work of Roland Barthes, who questioned whether historians can write objectively given that they select facts, organize data, and employ metaphors and literary mechanisms in their writing.
@ This quotation best reflects the work of Roland Barthes, who questioned whether historians can write objectively given that they select facts, organize data, and employ metaphors and literary mechanisms in their writing.
a. Ibn Khaldun
b. Michel Foucault
c. Homi Bhabha
*d. Roland Barthes

8. Fill in the missing part of the following quotation from Howard Zinn's _Voices of a People's History_: "Class interest has always been obscured behind an all-encompassing veil called _____."
~ Fill in the missing part of the following quotation: "Class interest has always been obscured behind an all-encompassing veil called the national interest."
@ Fill in the missing part of the following quotation: "Class interest has always been obscured behind an all-encompassing veil called the national interest."
a. objectivity
b. patriotism
*c. the national interest
d. modernism

9. "I knew that a historian (or a journalist, or anyone telling a story) was forced to choose, from an infinite number of facts, what to present, what to omit. And that decision inevitably would reflect, whether consciously or not, the interests of the historian." This quotation from Howard Zinn's _Voices of a People's History_ suggests that
~ Zinn recognizes that his project to present the true voices of subalterns is complicated by the problem of selection: all historians must select which voices to present and what to omit.
@ Zinn recognizes that his project to present the true voices of subalterns is complicated by the problem of selection: all historians must select which voices to present and what to omit.
*a. Zinn recognizes that his project to present the true voices of subalterns is complicated by the problem of selection: all historians must select which voices to present and what to omit.
b. Zinn acknowledges that his project to present alternative viewpoints means that his vision of history is skewed.
c. Zinn recognizes that there are infinite possible "true" ways to tell the story of U.S. history and so he chose the one that would sell the most books.
d. Gayatri Spivak would agree that Zinn succeeded in representing subalterns.

10. Which of the titles below suggests that it uses the methodology of "People's History"?  
~ _History from Below_, by E. P. Thompson, published in 1966, introduced the concept of telling history from the perspective of ordinary people. Before him, Annales School historians had experimented with the idea. The other titles do not suggest they use the methodology of "people's history": the Vietnam book is about the People's Army but not necessarily from the perspective of ordinary people rather than leaders; W. E. B. DuBois's book was published in 1903, too early to have used a methodology developed in the 1960s; and _The History of White People_ suggests that it does not discuss marginalized people (in fact it is about the origin of the idea of "whiteness").
@ _History from Below_, by E. P. Thompson, published in 1966, introduced the concept of telling history from the perspective of ordinary people. Before him, Annales School historians had experimented with the idea. The other titles do not suggest they use the methodology of "people's history": the Vietnam book is about the People's Army but not necessarily from the perspective of ordinary people rather than leaders; W. E. B. DuBois's book was published in 1903, too early to have used a methodology developed in the 1960s; and _The History of White People_ suggests that it does not discuss marginalized people (in fact it is about the origin of the idea of "whiteness").
a. _Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam_ by Merle Pribbenow (2015) 
*b. _History from Below_, by E. P. Thompson (1966)
c. _The Souls of Black Folk_, by W. E. B. DuBois (1903)
d._The History of White People_, by Nell Irvin Painter (2010) 